Основы химии
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The textbook in which Mendeleev first set out his periodic law, in its last edition from his lifetime. Its Introduction asks what changes when one substance turns into another and what stays the same: the weight on Lavoisier's balance, the elements, the fixed proportions in which they combine.
This is a sample: 1 of 25 chapters.
His tool was the balance, the only instrument, as Mendeleev says, that measures the quantity of matter directly and exactly. Lavoisier weighed everything that went into an experiment, even the vessels, and everything that came out.
Now the balance. Mendeleev gives the numbers: about 58½ grams of dry salt and 170 grams of dry lunar caustic give 143½ grams of silver chloride and 85 grams of sodium nitrate. Let us check them aloud. On the left, 58½ + 170 = 228½ grams. On the right, 143½ + 85 = 228½ grams.
Wet the inside of a narrow glass jar, push a pad of steel wool to the bottom so it stays put, and stand the jar upside down in a dish of water. Mark the water level inside the jar with a pen. Leave it for two or three days.
Next comes a longer group: simple bodies that are not common in nature, but are used in daily life or industry. Here Mendeleev gives formulas, and they are worth reading slowly, because each formula is a short recipe.
Dissolve a spoonful of salt in a saucer of water and leave the saucer on a sunny windowsill for a few days. As the water evaporates, salt crystals appear at the edges and then across the bottom. Add water again, and they dissolve; let it dry, and they return.
This method made history. Many simple bodies were first obtained with the current.
Examples for: a curious adult with school chemistry; add one modern instance per idea, such as a kitchen, a battery, a lab scale or a factory
The lectures retell the Russian text of the 7th edition, St Petersburg 1903 (Internet Archive 20200627_mendeleev_basic). The author died in 1907; the work is in the public domain. The retelling, the drawings and the voice are made by AI and checked against the book by a second model; nothing was edited by hand. How AI is used.
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